The cross sectional study was conducted among the tribes & non tribes of khammam district where in the tribal predominantly koyas, lambadis, konda reddys contribute 13% of total district population. The study is aimed to determine the anthropological status and prevalence of type2 diabetes (pre diabetic& diabetic status) in this population who reside in the remote corner of district they have their own life style specific customs and predominantly survive on forest food with high consumption of self brewed toddy as a comparable brew the non tribals residing in same area have been studied as separate group. Total number of 363 tribals and non tribals were included during peripheral health camps conducted in the tribal villages of namely Sitampeta and Edugurapally located in remote corners of khammam district. Lambadis (189,52.8%), koya tribals (140,38.5%) and non tribals( 34,9.13%) were subjected to all antropometric measurements (stature, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, skin fold thickness by Harpenden calipers). Nutritional status BMI & individual groups categorized into under nourished (BMI <18.5%) normal nourished (18.5- 25.5) and over nourished (BMI>25%) as per WHO criteria random blood sugar was measured in all individuals by single prick glucometer (RBS>140mg was considered pre diabetic and more than 200 considered diabetic) systolic and diastolic blood pressures were recorded by standard sphygmomanometer. 40% tribals were under weight while 10% were over weight in both Koyas & Lambadas, 44% of nontribals were overweight with 11% being under weight. lambadi & koya tribal males showed high systolic BP as compared to females Males and females in both the tribes have similar nutritional status surprisingly lambada & koya females shows higher mean RBS levels compare to males. The systolic BP in tribal males was more than the females. The prevalence of diabetes among tribals is almost similar to the prevalence in the rural areas, while the prediabetic status is high and fast approaching semi urban status. The total number of diabetics in these areas are 18 (4.95%) while 42 (11.57%) were in the prediabetic state. The Lambadas have more propensities to develop diabetes and a significant number of this tribe, found to be prediabetic state (11.11%) followed by the Koyas (10%) while the non-tribals have the maximum number in prediabetic state (20.5%). The Numbers detected to be diabetics are 15 (4.13%) in tribals and 8.8 % in non tribal groups. The lambada tribals have more tendency to develop DM and significant number of this tribe are in prediabetic state while koyas show 10% prediabetic incidence the greater incidence of prediabetic and diabetic status in non tribal population residing in same. Geographical area is probably due to sedentary life style economic prosperity as the majorities are traders, employees and contractors. The prediabetic prevalence is 20% in far with any urban city in India. The notable point is the prediabetic accounts for 4.34% while nearly detected diabetic’s accounts for 5.79% in under nourished group. While a significant 20.5% are seen in overweight group. While the non urban group are comparable to urban dwellers, the predominant prediabetic status in the tribals is the under nourished group is probably attributed to pancreatic beta cell dysfunction, while insulin resistance can explain the prediabetic and diabetic status in the overweight group. Analysis of more tribals and non tribals will clarify the situation and detailed individual evaluation is required for better understanding. This is an ongoing project and around 2000 tribals and non tribes will be scanned in next six months. This study was sponsored by Mamata Medical College, Khammam and Dhanvanthri Research & Educational Society, Kothagudem, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Distribution of various groups of individual based on tribe wise and gender wise